2019年10月14日 星期一

Bored? Play a Board Game! 桌遊 不只是遊戲


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Bored? Play a Board Game!  桌遊 不只是遊戲
by Nick Roden


    

  Fancy playing Scrabble tonight? How about a game of Monopoly after dinner? You may think questions such as these are rarely heard nowadays, but playing board games, whether they are based on strategy, luck, or a combination of both, is still a popular activity. And people across the world have been playing them for millennia. Indeed, the earliest known board game, Senet, can be traced back to ancient Egypt around 3500 BCE. We can even follow the preoccupations of different civilizations through the themes featured in their popular board games, from religion in ancient Egypt to war during the Roman Empire to capitalism in post-industrial America.
  Yet in an age of smartphones and short attention spans, why are people still rolling dice, moving counters around a physical board, and trying to win more points than the guy sitting next to them? One answer is that board game manufacturers have kept up with the times by developing digital copies of the classics. Rather than cause the death of the hobby, though, these digital board games have prompted players to seek out not only the originals—which are readily available online—but also new creations from independent suppliers.
  There is also the recognition that families need to spend quality time together that doesn’t involve sitting in front of a screen. Further, playing a variety of board games can benefit members of families in different ways. Children can develop their numeracy and coordination skills. At the same time, adults can improve their problem-solving and critical thinking abilities, and the elderly (or those who have been in an accident) can exercise their fine motor skills. The British newspaper The Guardian has said we’re living in a “golden age” of board games; so, roll the dice and choose one to play tonight!
----------------------
1. Where did the earliest known board game come from?
(A) America.
(B) Rome.
(C) Egypt.
(D) Britain.
----------------------
2. What have manufacturers done to keep players interested in board games?
(A) Started manufacturing smartphones.
(B) Got rid of physical board games.
(C) Just accepted the death of the hobby.
(D) Developed digital copies of their games.
----------------------
3. What does the passage suggest families should do?
(A) Help each other with their coordination skills.
(B) Sit in front of a screen together.
(C) Buy board games from independent suppliers.
(D) Spend quality time together playing board games.
----------------------
4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of board games, according to the passage?
(A) They help improve one’s physical skills.
(B) They help adults improve their skills with numbers.
(C) They help kids develop mathematical skills.
(D) They help cultivate the ability to resolve problems.

millennia n. 數千年
 millennium n. 一千年
preoccupation n. 使人全神貫注的事物
capitalism n. 資本主義
an attention span  專注的時間,專注期
counter n.(玩遊戲用的)棋子,籌碼
numeracy n. 基本運算能力
fine motor skills  精細(小肌肉)動作技巧
 gross motor skills  粗(大肌肉)動作技巧
mathematical a. 數學的

1. fancy vt. 想要;喜歡;想像
• Do you fancy a drink tonight?
你今晚想喝一杯嗎?
• Sorry, but I don’t fancy going out today.
抱歉,我今天不想出門。
• Hank fancied himself an artist, but he wasn’t really that talented.
漢克幻想自己是一位藝術家,但他並不是真的那麼有才華。

2. strategy n. 策略;戰略
• Maggie described her new marketing strategy in detail to the manager.
瑪姬詳細地把自己新的行銷策略敘述給經理聽。

3. civilization n. 文明
• Many ancient civilizations have vanished from human history.
許多古文明已經從人類歷史中消失。

4. physical a. 有形的,具體的;身體的
• The police found enough physical evidence to prove that the suspect was guilty.
警方找到足夠的具體證據來證明那名嫌犯有罪。
• Periodical medical checkups will keep you up to date with the status of your physical health.
定期健康檢查能讓你知道自己目前的身體健康狀況。
 *periodical a. 定期的

5. prompt vt. 促使,激勵
prompt sb to V  促使/激勵某人(做)……
• The wave of murders prompted the mayor to hire 100 new police officers.
一連串的謀殺事件促使該市長多聘請一百名新警察來支援。

6. readily adv. 輕易地;方便地;快捷地
• This coat can be readily made in another color. Are you interested?
這件外套要做成別的顏色很容易。你有興趣嗎?

7. recognition n. 認可;認出
• The small town has changed beyond all recognition.
這座小鎮已變得讓人完全認不出來了。

8. benefit vt. 有益於,有利於
• Exercise and a balanced diet benefit your health.
運動和均衡的飲食有利於你的健康。

9. coordination n. 協調
• This project requires coordination between all divisions.
這項工作需要所有部門協調才行。

10. critical a. 批判性的,批評的
critical thinking  批判性思考
be critical of...  批評……,對……吹毛求疵
• Tom’s parents were highly critical of the school.
湯姆的父母對學校提出了強烈的批評。

11. cultivate vt. 培養
• It is important to cultivate good relationships with your coworkers.
和同事培養良好關係很重要。

1. a combination of...  ……的混合
= a mixture of...
combination n. 組合
• It took a combination of guts and smarts to overcome our opponents.
想克敵制勝需要智勇雙全。

2. be traced back to...  追溯至……
• Our family tree can be traced back to the 12th century.
我們的家譜可以追溯至十二世紀。

3. keep up with...  跟上……
• Kent couldn’t keep up with Tim during the race, so he quit halfway through.
肯特在賽跑中因為跟不上提姆的速度而中途棄賽。

4. seek out... / seek... out  尋求/尋找……
 seek vt. 尋求,尋找
三態為:seek, sought, sought。
• If the storm doesn’t stop, we will have to seek out a place to stay for the night.
如果暴風雨不停,我們就得找個今晚過夜的地方。

5. get rid of...  扔掉/擺脫……
• Jay got rid of a lot of his old CDs before he moved into a new apartment.
阿傑搬進新公寓之前丟了很多舊 CD。

feature vt. 以……為主要內容/特色
• The film features a strong cast and exotic locations.
這部片主打的是堅強的演員陣容及充滿異國風情的拍攝地點。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下介紹 feature 當動詞及名詞時的其他意思與用法:
a. 表「報紙、雜誌等特載」
 • Today’s newspaper features a report on refugees.
 今天的報紙刊登關於難民的特別報導。
b. 表「由……主演」
feature sb as...  (電影)以某人主演……
 • The Avengers features Chris Evans as Captain America.
 《復仇者聯盟》由克里斯.伊凡主演美國隊長。
c. 當名詞時,可表「特色,特徵」
 • The comedian found many imitable features in the official’s manner.
 這名喜劇演員發現該官員的行為有許多值得模仿的特色。
 *imitable a. 值得模仿的,可模仿的
d. 表「報紙或雜誌的特別報導、特寫、專欄」
 • There was a double-paged feature on domestic violence in yesterday’s  newspaper.
 昨天的報紙有一篇關於家暴的跨頁特別報導。
e. 表「電視或廣播的專題節目」
 • The radio ran a feature on climate change.
 這個廣播節目播出與氣候變遷有關的專題節目。
f. 表「電影的正片、故事片」
 • The feature will begin in 30 minutes.
 電影正片將在三十分鐘內開始播放。
g. 表「容貌,五官」
 • Lily has fine delicate features.
 莉莉面貌姣好。
h. 表「建築物的外部特徵;地形」
 • Volcanoes are a notable feature of the landscape in Japan.
 火山是日本顯著的地貌。

... but playing board games, whether they are based on strategy, luck, or a combination of both, is still a popular activity.
介紹動名詞(V-ing)和不定詞(to V)作主詞的用法
※ 動詞不可直接作句中的主詞,一定要變成動名詞(V-ing)或不定詞片語(to V)後才能作主詞,而且動名詞(片語)或不定詞(片語)均視為單數,之後接單數動詞。
a. 用動名詞作主詞時,常表一種經驗或已知的事實:
 • Watching cartoons was my favorite pastime when I was little.
 看卡通是我小時候最愛的消遣。
b. 用不定詞作主詞則表一種意願、目的、計畫或待完成的事:
 • To become a superstar is Carol’s dream.
 成為超級巨星是卡蘿的夢想。
※ 動名詞或不定詞亦可置於 be 動詞之後作主詞補語。
a. 用動名詞作主詞補語時,亦常表一種經驗或已知的事實:
 • Andy’s hobbies are singing and dancing.
 安迪的嗜好是唱歌跳舞。
b. 用不定詞作補語時,主詞通常為表示未完成或想要完成的意願、企圖、目標、目的、夢想、願望、計畫、方法等,此類名詞常見的有 intention、aim、goal、purpose、dream、wish、hope、plan、way。
 • Our goal is to raise at least NT$10,000 for helping stray animals.
 我們的目標是募集至少新臺幣一萬元來幫助流浪動物。
 • One way to cook this fish is to steam it, and another is to deep-fry it.
 料理這條魚的方法之一是用蒸的,另一種則是油炸。

桌遊 不只是遊戲
  

  今晚想玩個拼字遊戲嗎?還是在晚餐後來玩大富翁呢?你或許會認為如今已經很少聽到像這樣的發問了,不過玩桌遊 ── 不論這些遊戲是建立於策略、運氣或兩者之上 ── 仍是一項受歡迎的活動。而且世界各地的人們數千年來都一直在玩桌遊。確實,已知最早的桌遊賽尼特棋可追溯至大約西元前 3500 年的古埃及。我們甚至可以從不同文明中受歡迎的桌遊主打的主題來領會他們關注的事物,從古埃及的宗教到羅馬帝國時期的戰爭,再到美國後工業時期的資本主義都有。
  然而,在智慧型手機和注意力集中時間短暫的時代裡,為何人們仍在擲骰子、在實體板子上移動棋子並試圖比坐在身旁的人獲得更多分數呢?有個答案是桌遊製造商藉著開發出經典遊戲的數位版本來跟上時代。不過這些數位版本非但沒有造成桌遊嗜好的消亡,反而促使玩家不只去尋找原版(本來就很容易在網路上買到)來玩,還去找了獨立供應商的新版本。
  此外,也有個認知是,家人必須一起度過不用坐在螢幕前的美好時光。再者,玩各種不同的桌遊能在不同方面對家庭成員有益。孩子可以發展他們的基本運算及協調能力。同時,成人可以增進他們解決問題和批判性思考的能力,而年長者(或那些曾經遭受過意外的人)可以練習他們的精細動作技巧。英國報紙《衛報》曾指出,我們正生活在桌遊的「黃金時代」;所以,擲個骰子來決定一下今晚要玩哪一種遊戲吧!
----------------------
1. 已知最早的桌遊來自哪裡?
(A) 美國。
(B) 羅馬。
(C) 埃及。
(D) 英國。
----------------------
2. 製造商做了什麼事來維持玩家對桌遊的興趣?
(A) 開始生產智慧型手機。
(B) 扔掉實體桌遊。
(C) 只是接受了這項嗜好的消亡。
(D) 發展遊戲的數位版本。
----------------------
3. 本文建議家庭成員應該做什麼?
(A) 協助彼此發展協調能力。
(B) 一起坐在螢幕前。
(C) 向獨立的供應商購買桌遊。
(D) 共度玩桌遊的美好時光。
----------------------
4. 根據本文,下列哪一項不是桌遊的優點?
(A) 它們幫助增進一個人的身體技能。
(B) 它們幫助成人增進數字能力。
(C) 它們協助孩子發展數學能力。
(D) 它們有助於培養解決問題的能力。
答案:
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B

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