2019年8月22日 星期四

布雷點字法


【倡議+ 電子報】傳遞人物故事,鎖定泛教育、社企…等領域,透過他們為社會付出故事,期待引起更多共鳴。 【聯合書報攤快遞】網羅各類型雜誌文章,為您精選最即時的周刊報導、最時尚的流行品味,最深入的知識饗宴。
★ 無法正常瀏覽內容,請按這裡線上閱讀
新聞  健康  u值媒  udn部落格  
2019/08/23 第476期  |  訂閱/退訂  |  看歷史報份  |  寂天閱讀網
 
【編輯小語】 口語會話 Follow me
【英語學習Plus】 布雷點字法
【本月發燒書】 羅賓漢 Robin Hood【Grade 3經典文學讀本】二版
【好康情報局】 新書推薦《彩圖實境旅遊英語【彩圖三版】》
 

【口語會話 Follow me 】

Your outfit is incredible.
你穿得真好看。

A: Your outfit is incredible.
B: Thank you very much.

A: 你穿得真好看。
B: 非常謝謝你。

────── 節錄《OMG! 超好用生活英語萬用句》
 

布雷點字法 Braille

Just because people lose their sight doesn't mean that they can't read anymore. They just learn to read in a different way.

Blind people read by running their fingers over pages that have groups of tiny raised dots. These dots represent different letters, and they form an alphabet that's just like ours. This writing system is called braille.

Braille has a very interesting history. Its story begins around 1800, when a French soldier named Charles Barbier created a system of raised dots so that soldiers could read messages in the dark. Napoléon wanted his troops to be able to communicate in the dark without giving away their positions. In the end, this so-called "night writing" system was too complicated for soldiers to learn. It had to be rejected by the military.

Years later, Charles Barbier met Louis Braille at the National Institute for the Blind in Paris. Louis Braille had been blind since the age of four, and he immediately ecognized both the potential importance of Barbier's system and its major flaw. Louis set to work on making it easier to use, and eventually the braille system was born.

In braille, each letter, or cell, is made up of a rectangle in which there can be a combination of up to six raised dots or an absence of dots. The six dots are arranged in a grid of two dots horizontally by three dots vertically. The dots are numbered 1, 2, and 3 from top to bottom on the left column and 4, 5, and 6 from top to bottom on the right column. There can be 64 different combinations. Braille has also evolved to accommodate differences in other languages. For example, Greek braille is different from Chinese braille.

Blind people can also write in braille. Most use a special typewriter, called the Perkins Brailler, which types braille onto paper. Nowadays, computer keyboards with braille symbols are also available.

It is amazing that a military technology from the Napoleonic Wars has grown into something that has improved the lives of countless blind people around the world.


失明的人並不代表失去閱讀的能力,只要學習不同的閱讀方式即可。

視障者可藉由指腹觸摸頁面上多組微小凸點的方式來閱讀。這些凸點代表不同的字母,構成像我們一般人所用的字母表。這種書寫系統即稱為「布雷點字法」。

布雷點字法的歷史淵源十分有趣。大約西元1800 年時,法國士官巴比爾創造了點字系統,讓士兵即使在暗夜裡也能讀取訊息。這是因為拿破崙希望軍隊能在行跡不敗露的前提下,於黑暗環境之中通訊。但是這種「夜書」系統過於複雜而難以上手,因此不得不遭到軍方拒用。

多年後,巴比爾在巴黎的國立啟明學校認識了布雷。布雷四歲的時候即失明,他當下體認到巴比爾系統的重要潛力與其主要缺點。他開始著手簡化該系統,布雷點字系統就此而生。

在布雷點字法裡,每個布雷點字「字母」(或稱點字格)均由一個至多可填滿六凸點的長方形所組成(並以各點為凸點與否做變化)。此六凸點長方形的排列方式為每列兩點,每行三點。左行凸點由上到下的編號分別為1、2、3,右行凸點由上到下的編號分別為4、5、6,共有64 種不同組合。布雷點字法亦因應不同語言而有所調整。舉例而言,希臘文點字法就與中文點字法不盡相同。

視障者同樣能透過布雷點字法來書寫文字。多數視障者使用一種特殊的「柏金斯點字機」(Perkins Brailler),此打字機能將布雷點字打在紙張上。現在市面上也有配備布雷點字符號的電腦鍵盤。

布雷點字法由拿破崙戰爭使用的軍事技術所演化而來,竟然改善了全球無數視障者的生活,著實令人驚奇。

──────選自《英語閱讀技巧完全攻略2【二版】(16K+1MP3)》
 
羅賓漢 Robin Hood【Grade 3經典文學讀本】二版

決勝新制多益:聽力閱讀6回模擬試題+完全剖析【聽力+閱讀雙書版】(16K+MP3)

戰勝國中會考英聽滿分:20回實戰模擬測驗【試題+中譯】(16K+1MP3)

用英文介紹台灣:實用觀光導遊英語 【彩圖四版】(16K +解答別冊+1MP3)

 
 
 
寂天文化事業股份有限公司 版權所有 地址:106 台北市新生南路三段88號7樓之3
客服專線: (02) 2365-9739#17 ( 週一至週五 9:00 am ~ 6:00 pm 不含例假日 )
傳真專線: (02) 2365-9835 客服信箱:onlineservice@icosmos.com.tw
  免費電子報 | 著作權聲明 | 隱私權聲明 | 聯絡我們

沒有留言:

張貼留言