| |  | How Ballet Flats Pirouetted▼ Into Popularity 舞入日常生活中的芭蕾平底鞋 by Evan Witkowski | A brief history of the shoe style and how celebrities popularized the fashion of flats.
鞋子樣式與名人如何讓平底鞋時尚蔚為流行的一段簡史。 | Fashions continue to evolve, and the story of ballet flats is no different. What started in the 16th century as a men's shoe has found its way into almost every modern woman's shoe collection. By the 17th and 18th centuries, high-heels _(1)_ the fashion scene. Ballet shoes used to be high-heeled, too, but the dancers _(2)_ they could maneuver more easily and be more agile with flat-bottomed▼ shoes.
After that, ballet shoes transformed to become flat, fitted▼, and were made from soft leather or satin▼ _(3)_. One of the most crucial developments in the shoes' _(4)_ occurred just before the turn of the 20th century, when Italian cobbler▼ Salvatore Capezio moved to America and opened up his shop across the street from the Metropolitan Opera House. He improved the design of traditional ballet shoes, and ballerinas loved the more _(5)_ footwear▼. Fashion designer Clare McCardell encouraged Capezio to design a shoe in the same style for wearing off the stage. As other fashion designers got wind of the popularity of ballet flats, Hollywood leading ladies helped _(6)_ the shoes into the spotlight.
In 1956, actress and fashionista▼ Brigitte Bardot starred in the film And God Created Woman, where she wore a pair of red ballet shoes that stole the scene. The shoes soon went into mass production▼, and the next year Audrey Hepburn was seen _(7)_ black ballet flats in the smash-hit▼ film Funny Face. Since then, they have become one of the most popular and widespread shoe styles in the world for their versatility and simple, but chic, fashion sense.
1. (A) resisted (B) dominated (C) utilized (D) pledged
2. (A) enrolled in (B) compensated for (C) escaped from (D) figured out
3. (A) material (B) currency (C) verge (D) trait
4. (A) dignity (B) custom (C) evolution (D) assistance
5. (A) functional (B) disgusting (C) tropical (D) frustrated
6. (A) undergo (B) propel (C) ignite (D) admire
7. (A) wearing (B) wears (C) worn (D) has worn
 |  |  | | | |  | - By the 17th and 18th centuries, high-heels dominated the fashion scene.
在十七與十八世紀時，高跟鞋主宰了時尚圈。
理由:
a. (A) resist vt. 抗拒
The official took the bribe because he couldn't resist the temptation.
那個政府官員禁不住誘惑而接受了賄賂。
＊bribe n. 賄賂
temptation n. 誘惑
(B) dominate vt. 主宰，支配
Sadly, Minnie's work dominates most of her life.
可悲的是，米妮的工作支配她大部分的生活。
(C) utilize vt. 利用
The representative utilized her diplomatic skills to end the crisis between the two countries.
這名代表運用她的外交技巧化解了那兩國之間的危機。
＊diplomatic a. 外交的
(D) pledge vt. 保證
衍: pledge to V 誓言……
The politician pledged to lower taxes, but few people believed him.
這名政治人物保證會減稅，但沒幾個人相信他的話。
b. 根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。 - Ballet shoes used to be high-heeled, too, but the dancers figured out they could maneuver more easily and be more agile with flat-bottomed shoes.
芭蕾舞鞋從前也是高跟鞋，但舞者們發現他們穿平底的鞋子時能更輕易地巧妙移動且更加敏捷。
理由:
a. (A) enroll in... 註冊／登記上（學校、課程）
About 100 students have enrolled in Professor Cena's wrestling course this semester.
這學期約有一百名學生報名參加西南教授的摔角課程。
＊wrestling n. 摔角
(B) compensate for... 彌補……，補償……
compensate vi. 彌補；補償
Ben's dedication compensates for his lack of work experience.
阿班的認真投入彌補了他工作經驗的不足。
(C) escape from... 從??逃離
escape vi. & vt. 逃脫，逃離
However hard it tried, the bird couldn't escape from the cage.
這隻鳥無論多麼努力嘗試，仍無法逃出鳥籠。
We were lucky to escape that car accident.
我們很幸運逃過了那起車禍。
(D) figure out... 算出……；查清楚……
Mark has figured out how much money he can save over the next three years.
馬克已經算出他在未來三年能存多少錢。
b. 根據語意，(D) 項應為正選。 - After that, ballet shoes transformed to become flat, fitted, and were made from soft leather or satin material.
在那之後，芭蕾舞鞋轉變為平底又合腳，並且是以柔軟的皮革或緞布料材質所製成。
理由:
a. (A) material n. 材料；資料
Concrete is a practical building material.
混凝土是一種實用的建築材料。
＊concrete n. 混凝土
(B) currency n. 貨幣
We exchanged our Japanese currency for American dollars at the bank.
我們在銀行用日幣兌換美元。
(C) verge n. 邊緣；界限
Large numbers of people in this area are on the verge of starvation.
在這個區域中的許多人正處飢餓的邊緣。
(D) trait n. 特徵，特色
同: characteristic n.
The need to communicate is one of the key traits of being a human.
溝通需求是人類最重要的特徵之一。
b. 根據語意，(A) 項應為正選。 - One of the most crucial developments in the shoes' evolution occurred just before the turn of the 20th century, when Italian cobbler Salvatore Capezio moved to America and opened up his shop across the street from the Metropolitan Opera House.
其中一款鞋子革新的最重要發展剛好就發生在二十世紀初之前，當時義大利鞋匠薩爾瓦多•卡畢吉歐搬到美國並在紐約大都會歌劇院大街的對面開張他的店鋪。
理由:
a. (A) dignity n. 尊嚴
The veteran's wish was to die with dignity.
這名老兵希望有尊嚴地死去。
＊veteran n. 退役軍人；老手
(B) custom n. 風俗，習俗；海關（恆用複數）
It would be wise to take the time to educate yourself about the customs of Spain before you go.
在你去西班牙之前花點時間瞭解西班牙風俗習慣會是明智的。
Ted landed himself in trouble when he attempted to smuggle a rare bird through customs.
泰德試圖從海關偷渡稀有鳥類，讓自己身陷麻煩。
＊smuggle vt. 偷運，偷帶；走私
(C) evolution n. 發展；演變
The 20th century witnessed the evolution of computer technology.
二十世紀見證了電腦科技的進展。
(D) assistance n. 幫助，援助
衍: come to sb's assistance 前往幫助某人
We all came to Jack's assistance when we learned that he was in trouble.
我們知道傑克身陷麻煩時全都來幫他。
b. 根據語意，(C) 項應為正選。 - He improved the design of traditional ballet shoes, and ballerinas loved the more functional footwear.
他改善了傳統芭蕾舞鞋的設計，而芭蕾舞者愛上了這更具功能性的鞋子。
理由:
a. (A) functional a. 實用的
衍: function n. 功能
The design of the chair is beautiful, but it is not very functional.
那張椅子的設計很漂亮，但卻不太實用。
In essence, a good design is the perfect unity of function and beauty.
基本上，好的設計就是功能與美感的完美結合。
＊in essence 基本上，本質上
(B) disgusting a. 令人厭惡的
Ron is deathly afraid of spiders because he thinks they are disgusting.
榮恩怕蜘蛛怕得要命，因為他覺得牠們很噁心。
(C) tropical a. 熱帶的
Lilian likes tropical fruits such as bananas, durians, and mangos.
莉莉安喜歡像是香蕉、榴槤和芒果等的熱帶水果。
＊durian n. 榴槤
(D) frustrated a. 感到挫折的
衍: frustrating a. 令人挫折／洩氣的
Doraemon told Nobita that he should not be frustrated by his failures.
哆啦 A 夢告訴大雄不應該因他的失敗而感到挫折。
It was frustrating to lose another game.
再次輸掉一場比賽真令人沮喪。
b. 根據語意，(A) 項應為正選。 - As other fashion designers got wind of the popularity of ballet flats, Hollywood leading ladies helped propel the shoes into the spotlight.
在其他時尚設計師獲悉芭蕾平底鞋蔚為流行時，好萊塢的一線女星幫忙促使了這款鞋成為鎂光燈焦點。
理由:
a. (A) undergo vt. 經歷（三態為：undergo, underwent, undergone。）
One has to undergo intense physical training to become a US Navy SEAL.
要成為美國海軍海豹部隊隊員必須經過嚴格的體能訓練。
(B) propel vt. 推動，推進，驅動
衍: propel sb to V 促使／激發某人（做）……
The mayor's lack of action propelled activist groups to protest outside his office.
該市長缺乏行動力促使激進團體在他的辦公室外抗議。
(C) ignite vt. 點燃
Passion can ignite one's desire to pursue their dreams.
熱情能點燃一個人追求夢想的渴望。
(D) admire vt. 欣賞；欽佩
We all admire our manager for his capacity to handle tough problems.
我們都很敬佩經理處理棘手問題的能力。
＊capacity n. 能力；容量
b. 根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。 - The shoes soon went into mass production, and the next year Audrey Hepburn was seen wearing black ballet flats in the smash-hit film Funny Face.
那雙鞋不久後便大量生產，而隔年在轟動一時的電影《甜姐兒》中可以看到奧黛麗•赫本穿著黑色芭蕾平底鞋。
理由:
a. see 為知覺動詞。表「看」（see、watch、look at、notice、observe）、「聽」（hear、listen to）、「感覺」（feel）的知覺動詞加受詞後可用原形動詞、現在分詞或過去分詞作受詞補語：
1. 受詞補語為原形動詞時，強調已知的事實。
2. 受詞補語為現在分詞時，強調正在進行的動作。
3. 受詞補語為過去分詞時，強調被動的狀態。
Amy heard her friend speaking ill of her.
艾咪聽到她的朋友說她壞話。
＊speak ill of sb 說某人壞話
b. 根據上述及語意，得知空格應置現在分詞，故 (A) 項應為正選。 | | | |  | - ballet flat 平底鞋，娃娃鞋
- popularize vt. 使普及；使流行
衍: popularity n. 聲望，名氣
popular a. 受歡迎的
Over the years, that designer has popularized many different clothing trends.
這幾年來，那位設計師引領了許多不同的穿衣風潮。
The popularity of shopping online has steadily grown because of better online security measures.
由於更完善的安全措施，網路購物的普及度已穩定上升。
Vivian's unique style makes her fashion designs popular around the world.
薇薇安的獨特風格使她的時裝設計風靡全球。 - evolve vi. 發展；進化
衍: evolve from... 從……演化而成
The small company evolved into a worldwide enterprise in just five years.
那家小公司以僅五年的時間發展成一家全球企業。
Biologists think that birds probably evolved from reptiles.
生物學家認為鳥類可能是從爬蟲類演化而來。
＊reptile n. 爬蟲類 - collection n.（一系列）收藏的東西
衍: collect vt. 收集；收藏
Dora has a huge collection of Barbie dolls.
朵拉收藏了大量的芭比娃娃。
Ever since she was a kid, my sister has collected seashells.
我妹妹從小就收集貝殼。 - maneuver vi. & vt.（巧妙地）轉動
The race car driver maneuvered his vehicle in and out of a series of tight turns.
那名賽車選手巧妙地將車子在一連串的急彎中穿梭。 - agile a. 靈活的，敏捷的
One needs an agile mind to solve puzzles.
解謎必須有機靈的頭腦。 - transform vi. 改變；轉化
The caterpillar transformed into a breathtakingly beautiful butterfly.
這隻毛毛蟲蛻變成一隻美麗的蝴蝶。 - crucial a. 重要的，關鍵性的
Your dedication plays a crucial role in the success of our company.
你的奉獻對本公司的成功來說極為重要。 - ballerina n. 女芭蕾舞者
- star vi. 主演 & vt. 由……主演
Jason has starred in over 30 movies.
傑森主演三十幾部電影。
The film stars Tom Cruise as a repairman.
該片由湯姆•克魯斯飾演一位修理工人。 - widespread a. 廣泛的
The new policy has received widespread support.
這項新政策受到了廣泛的支持。 - versatility n. 多功能；多才多藝
衍: versatile a.（物）多用途的；（人）多才多藝的
Smartwatches are getting more and more popular because of their versatility.
智慧手錶因其多樣的功能而愈來愈流行了。
Personal computers today are versatile. They can help you multitask efficiently.
現今的個人電腦功能真多。它們可幫助你有效率地同時執行多項任務。 - chic a. 時髦的
衍: fashion n. 時裝（可數）；
流行，時髦（不可數）
be in / out of fashion 流行／不流行
Shelly is always so chic and so elegant.
雪莉總是那麼時髦，那麼優雅。
Decorative art is in fashion now in Tokyo.
裝飾藝術現在在東京很流行。
＊decorative art 裝飾藝術（指為某些功能性物品設計裝飾的藝術）
This hairstyle is now out of fashion.
這種髮型現在退流行了。 | | | |  | ▼ pirouette vi. 用腳尖旋轉
▼ flat-bottomed a. 平底的
▼ fitted a. 合腳的
▼ satin n. 緞，綢緞
▼ cobbler n. 補鞋匠
▼ footwear n. 鞋類
▼ fashionista n. 時尚達人
▼ mass production n. 大量生產
衍: an assembly line 裝配線
▼ smash-hit a. 轟動一時的 | |  | - continue to V 繼續……
同: continue V-ing
Although learning Chinese is hard, William will still continue to study it.
雖然學中文很難，但威廉仍然要繼續學下去。 - be no different 沒有不同，一樣
Most kids love to eat sweets, and Linda is no different.
大部分小朋友都愛吃甜食，琳達也一樣。 - find one's way... 找到去……的路
- open up(...) 打開／開啟（……）
- get / catch / have wind of... 得知……的消息
Jim doesn't want his family to get wind of the fact that he lost his job.
吉姆不希望他家人知道他丟了飯碗的消息。 - steal the scene 搶鏡頭
| |
 | 舞入日常生活中的芭蕾平底鞋
鞋子樣式與名人如何讓平底鞋時尚蔚為流行的一段簡史。
時尚一直演變，而芭蕾平底鞋的由來也不例外。起初於十六世紀作為男鞋的鞋子已輾轉流入到幾乎每一名現代女性的鞋堆之中。在十七與十八世紀時，高跟鞋主宰了時尚圈。芭蕾舞鞋從前也是高跟鞋，但舞者們發現他們穿平底的鞋子時能更輕易地巧妙移動且更加敏捷。
在那之後，芭蕾舞鞋轉變為平底又合腳，並且是以柔軟的皮革或緞布料材質所製成。其中一款鞋子革新的最重要發展剛好就發生在二十世紀初之前，當時義大利鞋匠薩爾瓦多•卡畢吉歐搬到美國並在紐約大都會歌劇院大街的對面開張他的店鋪。他改善了傳統芭蕾舞鞋的設計，而芭蕾舞者愛上了這更具功能性的鞋子。時尚設計師克萊爾•麥卡德爾利鼓勵卡畢吉歐設計一只下了舞臺時可穿的同款鞋。在其他時尚設計師獲悉芭蕾平底鞋蔚為流行時，好萊塢的一線女星幫忙促使了這款鞋成為鎂光燈焦點。
1956 年，女演員兼時尚達人碧姬•芭杜（編按：法國電影女明星，少女時便以美貌聞名，她身著比基尼出演首部電影《穿比基尼的姑娘》，使得比基尼迅速流行，並與瑪麗蓮•夢露並稱西方流行文化性感象徵，被視為性解放的代表人物之一。）在《上帝創造女人》這部電影中演出，她在片中穿著一雙搶盡鏡頭的紅色芭蕾平底鞋。那雙鞋不久後便大量生產，而隔年在轟動一時的電影《甜姐兒》中可以看到奧黛麗•赫本穿著黑色芭蕾平底鞋。自那時起，它們因為多樣又簡單、不失時髦與時尚感而成為世界上最受歡迎且到處可見的一款鞋。
答案： 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A
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