One of the most brilliant of all ancient civilizations was found in Greece. The Greek people lived in many different city-states. Most city-states were built around an acropolis, a walled hill where people could seek safety from attack. The city-states often fought against each other. But, when foreign enemies like the Persians attacked, they united and fought together. Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece. They had different values and cultures. Athens was the birthplace of democracy. In Athens, citizens were allowed to vote and to take part in the government. But only men could be citizens. The Spartans were tough. They were great warriors. Spartan boys were trained to be soldiers from a young age. Even Spartan girls were trained to compete in sporting events. Athens and Sparta fought the Peloponnesian War against each other. In the end, Sparta defeated Athens. The Greeks produced many great artists, scientists, philosophers, politicians, and generals. However, in the fourth century B.C., Alexander the Great conquered all of the Greek city-states and united them in his empire.
最輝煌的古文明之一出現在希臘。希臘人居住在許多不同的城邦中，大多數的城邦圍繞著衛城而建立，而衛城則是築有圍牆的山丘，人民靠著衛城得以躲避攻擊。各個城邦經常彼此征戰，然而當面臨外敵如波斯人的侵略時，他們會團結起來聯手抵抗外侮。
雅典和斯巴達是古希臘最強盛的兩個城邦，兩者擁有截然不同的價值觀與文化。 雅典是民主的發源地。雅典的公民有投票權和參政權，但是只有成年男子才能成為公民。斯巴達人非常強悍，是偉大的戰士。斯巴達的男孩從小被訓練成為戰士，甚至女子也被訓練參加體育競賽。雅典和斯巴達在伯羅奔尼撒戰爭之中對戰，最終斯巴達擊敗了雅典。 希臘孕育出許多偉大的藝術家、科學家、哲學家、政治家乃至將軍。然而，在西元前四世紀時，亞歷山大大帝征服了希臘各城邦，並將它們納入其帝國版圖內。 | 
沒有留言:
張貼留言